policy paper

Some households in an energy poverty crisis cannot rely on support from other people. Also, the effectiveness of programs combating energy poverty is limited due to difficulties in reaching households in crisis. Without institutional, material, and emotional support, people experiencing energy poverty cannot improve their ...

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There are several areas for improvement in wage setting in the public administration sector in Poland. Public administration pays a lower premium for tertiary education and offers lower wages for young employees than the business sector. Instead, public administration provides large returns to job tenure, ...

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Climate policy is crucial for preventing the devastating effects of natural disasters like droughts, floods, and heat waves. It also plays a vital role in reducing Poland's dependence on imported coal, gas, and oil, addressing energy security concerns in the wake of the crisis caused ...

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Widespread modernisation of social housing is essential if the country is to avoid exacerbating energy poverty in its cities. In Poland, the inhabitants of social housing estates are people with low and insecure incomes; their homes are often in poor condition and are usually heated ...

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The gender employment gap between young, prime-age men and women in Poland and Hungary is large in comparison to that in other EU countries. This is mainly due to the low employment rates among women with young children who withdraw from the labour market due ...

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COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective in protecting against serious disease and death. Yet despite their introduction, Poland’s COVID-19 mortality rate remains high. This results from Poland’s lower vaccination rate compared to other EU countries – especially among people aged 70 or more who are ...

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The geopolitical situation and the EU's ambitious climate policy are increasing energy prices. And when these rise, they inflate the risk of poverty and inequality – especially among poorer households. The Anti-inflation Shield proposed by the Polish government in November 2021 is not a remedy ...

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I would like to thank Jan Rutkowski for his support in preparing this policy paper and his particularly helpful remarks.

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As a result of decarbonisation, the number of jobs in coal mining and mining-related industries will drop. However, the risk of increased unemployment related to this process can be minimised. To that end, to mitigate the consequences of the transition away from coal, it is ...

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In Poland, about 10% (1.3 million) of the population are energy-poor households that cannot heat and light their dwellings properly or use electrical appliances. The most common causes of energy poverty are low energy efficiency of the building and heat source, high energy costs and ...

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I would like to thank Jan Rutkowski for his support in preparing the paper and all valuable remarks and Mateusz Smoter for his helpful comments. The content of this publication reflects the opinions of the author, which may diverge from the position of the Institute ...

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