Archiwa labour market - IBS - Instytut Badań Strukturalnych

2025-05-08 Gender pay gap—how much more do men earn than women?

authors:

Problem: Despite regulations aimed at reducing gender inequality, significant disparities in the earnings of men and women persist in the labour market. These inequities are unjust and inefficient, hindering increased female participation in the workforce, which is critically needed from both economic and demographic perspectives. ...

2025-03-28 Workers’ exposure to AI across development

authors:

This paper develops a task-adjusted, country-specific measure of workers’ exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) across 103 countries, covering approximately 86% of global employment. Building on the AI Occupational Exposure Index by Felten et al. (2021), we map AI-related abilities to worker-level tasks using survey data ...

2025-03-07 The effects of automation on workers’ wages

authors:

Karol Madoń

working paper

This study examines the impact of automation on workers' wages across 20 European countries between 2010–2018. Overall, it identifies a net positive effect of robot adoption on average wages at the sectoral level, especially pronounced among routine manual and nonroutine manual occupations. Importantly, these effects ...

2025-03-07 The relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) exposure and return to education

authors:

Karol Madoń

working paper

This paper studies the relationship between exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and workers’ wages across European countries. Overall, a positive relationship between exposure to AI and workers’ wages is found, however it differs considerably between workers and countries. High-skilled workers experience far higher wage premiums ...

2025-03-06 The Role of Job Task Degradation in Shaping Return Intentions: Evidence from Ukrainian War Refugees in Poland

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This paper studies the relationship between professional experiences and return intentions of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland, following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Using country-wide, online surveys conducted in 2022 and 2023 and worker-level measures of job tasks, we show that refugees' ...

2024-11-06 Is the four-day working week warranted in Poland?

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Problem Polish weekly working time is, on average, longer than in other EU countries. The Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy is considering reducing working time to four days per week, with wages corresponding to five days of work. Main message The introduction of ...

2024-09-10 Automation, Trade Unions and Involuntary Atypical Employment

authors:

Wojciech Szymczak

Piotr Lewandowski

working paper

We study the effect of the adoption of automation technologies – industrial robots, software and databases – on the incidence of atypical employment in 13 E.U. countries between 2006 and 2018. We combine survey microdata with sectoral information on technology use and exploit the variation ...

2024-09-05 Preference for working from home – subjective perceptions of COVID-19 matter more than objective information on occupational exposure to contagion

authors:

Piotr Lewandowski

Mateusz Smoter

Katarzyna Lipowska

We investigate how subjective and objective assessment of COVID-19 risks affect preferences toward working from home (WFH) and whether informing workers about the level of exposure to contagion in their occupation affects these preferences. In the summer of 2021, we conducted a discrete choice experiment ...

2024-01-24 Minimum Hours Constraints: The Role of Organizational Culture

authors:

Maciej Albinowski

Joanna Franaszek

working paper

We develop a model in which minimum hours constraints (MHC) arise due to both the characteristics of the production function and managerial attitudes. The importance of the organizational culture can be deduced from the correlation between the MHC faced by core task personnel and administrative ...

2023-12-18 Automation In Shared Service Centres: Implications For Skills And Autonomy In A Global Organisation

authors:

The offshoring-fuelled growth of the Central and Eastern European business services sector gave rise to shared service centres (SSCs), quasi-autonomous entities providing routine-intensive tasks for the central organisation. The advent of technologies like Intelligent Process Automation, Robotic Process Automation, and Artificial Intelligence jeopardises SSCs’ employment ...

2023-11-23 Part-time Employment Opportunities and Labour Supply of Older Workers

authors:

Maciej Albinowski

working paper

I investigate the links between part-time employment opportunities and older workers' labour supply adjustments, focusing on the extensive and intensive margins. Utilising data from 30 European countries from 2011 to 2021, I construct a quasi-panel that compares individuals aged 60-64 with those aged 55-59 from ...

2023-10-09 Automation and income inequality in Europe

authors:

We study the effects of robot penetration on household income inequality in 14 European countries between 2006–2018, a period marked by the rapid adoption of industrial robots. We establish that, similarly to the United States, automation reduced relative hourly wages and employment of directly affected ...